What are the basic principles of neurorehabilitation?（1） - Acidente Vascular Cerebral Center
Neurorehabilitation is a complex medical process designed to aid in recuperação from nervous system damage and to minimize or compensate for any resulting funcional changes. For a long time, due to the influence of the view that "neural cells cannot regenerate after death", the academic community has always believed that it is difficult to recuperar after severe nerve injury. The practice of clinical reabilitação medicine has confirmed that: the função of injury and neurological diseases pode be recuperado; the brain is plastic, and the função of the brain pode be reorganized after brain injury. The list goes on for many brain-injured pacientes who recuperar, restore damaged neurological função, and even return to trabalho. Therefore, mastering the principles of reabilitação is related to how to fazer the best recuperação from nervous system damage.
Common situation
Acidente Vascular Cerebral Recuperação, Cerebral Palsy, Parkinson's Disease, Brain Injury, Hypoxic Brain Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Post-Political Syndrome, Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
The meaning of neurorehabilitation
By focusing on all aspects of a person, neurorehabilitation offers a range of tratamentos from psychological to occupational, teaches or retrains the paciente's motor skills, communication processes, and other aspects of the person's daily activities. Neurorehabilitation also focuses on the nutritional, psychological and creative aspects of a person's recuperação.
Neurorehabilitation Principles 1 : Early Rehabilitation
At this stage, pacientes generally show flaccid paralisia, with no voluntary muscle contractions and no joint response, and the body is basically in a state of complete relaxation; it is equivalent to Brunnstrom recuperação stage 1-2.
In general, once a paciente's condition has stabilized for 48 to 72 hours, recuperação pode be considered. The purpose of early reabilitação is to maximize the preservation of the paciente's remaining functions and to avoid "disuse syndrome" caused by "braking" or "disuse".
Stimulate the nerves and muscles of the lower membros, enhance the strength of the muscles of the lower membros, and prevent muscle atrophy;
Melhorar the blood circulation of the lower extremities, strengthen the blood supply, and melhorar the nutritional supply of the lower extremities.
The passive movimento at the bedside drives the paciente's membros to perform active and passive training through the motor. It stimulates muscle movimento through correct movimento patterns, stimulates nerve tissue, improves blood circulation in affected membros, promotes metabolism, increases joint mobility, and promotes the recuperação of membro função.
Neurorehabilitation Principles 2 : Active Rehabilitation
With the in-depth research on the theory and practice of neuroplasticity and funcional reorganization in academia, it has been clarified that the recuperação and reconstruction of neurological função after injury is largely practice-dependent, time-dependent and dose-dependent in reabilitação tratamento. of. Active reabilitação emphasizes that pacientes actively complete neurological activities, rather than relying on passive movimento.
Therefore, in order to achieve the "maximum" effect of neurorehabilitation, it must rely on the paciente's active participation in various neurological activities. Passive reabilitação methods should be minimized.
Through the mode of "upper membro drives lower membros, healthy side drives the affected side, and one membro drives three membros", it ajuda pacientes to do active exercise training for early funcional movements.
The upper membro is a "stretch and reach" movimento pattern, and the lower membro is a "pedal and step" pattern, which is beneficial to the reconstruction of the movimento program after acidente vascular cerebral.
Neurorehabilitation Principles 3 : Appropriate Rehabilitation
This principle is relative to the improper usar of reabilitação techniques. Only by usando appropriate reabilitação techniques pode the neurological função move forward along the correct reabilitação trajectory and avoid detours. For example, spasticity is an inevitable phase of recuperação for nearly every brain-injured paciente. Improper training of upper and lower extremity strength pode aggravate the spastic pattern of upper extremity flexors and lower extensor muscles, and eventually leave pacientes with disabilities. It pode even be disse that "improper training is worse than no training".